NZ Honey fights MPI over alleged health claims
Monday, 28 September 2015
The New Zealand Herald
MPI has been cracking down on the manuka honey industry amid international criticism there was more manuka honey coming out of the country than New Zealand actually produces.
By Suze Metherell
New Zealand Honey International, the closely-held honey products maker, wants a judicial declaration on whether its trademarks Manuka Doctor and Manuka Pharm amount to health claims after the Ministry of Primary Industries withdrew export approvals, blocking the firm's sales into certain markets.
MPI has been cracking down on the manuka honey industry amid international criticism there was more manuka honey coming out of the country than New Zealand actually produces.
With no industry consensus on what constitutes manuka honey, MPI introduced an interim labelling guideline in July 2014 to give the industry clarity and protect consumers from false claims, as well as to try to improve credibility of the manuka products.
The regulator cancelled NZ Honey's export assurance in May, saying the company's brand names Manuka Doctor and Manuka Pharm breached food labelling standards.
Wednesday, September 30, 2015
Tuesday, September 29, 2015
A Fatty Acid from Royal Jelly with Multiple Biological Activities
Chem Biodivers. 2015 Sep;12(9):1307-12. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201500048.
5-Fluorouridine (1) - a nucleoside antimetabolite with strong cancerostatic properties - was protected i) at the 2'- and 3'-OH groups with a heptan-4-ylidene residue and ii) at the 5'-OH group with a (4-methoxyphenyl)(diphenyl)methyl residue.
This fully protected compound, 3, was submitted to a Mitsunobu reaction with the N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester, 5, of (2E)-10-hydroxydec-2-enoic acid (4) which gave nucleolipid 6. The latter was detritylated with Cl2 CHCOOH to yield the co-drug 7 as NHS ester.
Monday, September 28, 2015
Nigerian Propolis Protects Liver and Pancreas from Damage Caused by Diabetes
Hepatoprotective and Pancreatoprotective Properties of the Ethanolic Extract of Nigerian Propolis
J Intercult Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Apr-Jun;4(2):102-8
Increased oxidative stress is associated with the progression of diabetic mellitus. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the ethanolic extract of Nigerian propolis (N. propolis) on markers of oxidative stress, histology of the liver and pancreas and glycaemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Alloxan-induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats were treated with either metformin (150 mg/kg/d) or N. propolis (200 mg/kg/d and 300 mg/kg/d) for 28 days. At the end of the treatment period, the rats were sacrificed; blood was collected for biochemical analysis while their pancreases and liver were excised and processed for histological studies.
RESULTS:
Serum oxidative stress markers and blood glucose concentration were compared between the treated and control rats. In contrast to the non-treated diabetic rats, blood glucose concentration were not significantly different between treated rats and control (P < 0.05) at 28 days of treatment with N. propolis and metformin. Serum malondialdehyde levels was reduced while superoxide dismutase levels were elevated in the N. propolis group; these levels were converse in the diabetic group, these differences are statistically significant (P<0 .05="" compared="" control.="" group.="" group="" histologically="" improvement="" in="" p="" the="" there="" to="" treated="" untreated="" was="" when="" with="">
CONCLUSION:
These findings suggest that the N. propolis confers protection against hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in both liver and pancreas of adult Wistar rats.
J Intercult Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Apr-Jun;4(2):102-8
Increased oxidative stress is associated with the progression of diabetic mellitus. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the ethanolic extract of Nigerian propolis (N. propolis) on markers of oxidative stress, histology of the liver and pancreas and glycaemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Alloxan-induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats were treated with either metformin (150 mg/kg/d) or N. propolis (200 mg/kg/d and 300 mg/kg/d) for 28 days. At the end of the treatment period, the rats were sacrificed; blood was collected for biochemical analysis while their pancreases and liver were excised and processed for histological studies.
RESULTS:
Serum oxidative stress markers and blood glucose concentration were compared between the treated and control rats. In contrast to the non-treated diabetic rats, blood glucose concentration were not significantly different between treated rats and control (P < 0.05) at 28 days of treatment with N. propolis and metformin. Serum malondialdehyde levels was reduced while superoxide dismutase levels were elevated in the N. propolis group; these levels were converse in the diabetic group, these differences are statistically significant (P<0 .05="" compared="" control.="" group.="" group="" histologically="" improvement="" in="" p="" the="" there="" to="" treated="" untreated="" was="" when="" with="">
CONCLUSION:
These findings suggest that the N. propolis confers protection against hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in both liver and pancreas of adult Wistar rats.
Sunday, September 27, 2015
Royal Jelly Helps Hydrate Skin
Epidermal Hydration Is Improved by Enhanced Ceramide Metabolism in Aged C57BL/6J Mice After Dietary Supplementation of Royal Jelly
J Med Food. 2015 Sep;18(9):999-1006
Epidermal hydration is maintained by the epidermal lipid barrier, of which ceramide (Cer) is the major constituent. We examined the dietary effect of royal jelly (RJ) on epidermal hydration in aged mice.
Altered Cer metabolism was further determined by measuring epidermal levels of individual Cer, glucosylceramide (GC), and sphingomyelin (SM) species, and of Cer-metabolizing enzymes. Aged C57BL/6J mice were fed a control diet (group AGED) or diets with 1% RJ harvested from two different areas (groups AGED+RJ1:AGED+RJ2) for 16 weeks. Aged C57BL/6J mice with no dietary intervention (the control group: group C) represented the onset of aging. In group AGED, epidermal levels of hydration, Cer1/2/5/6/7, GC-A/B/C/D, SM1/2/3, and β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) protein, an enzyme of GC hydrolysis for Cer generation, were lower than in group C; these levels, as well as those of Cer3/4 and acidic sphingomyelinase (aSMase) protein, an enzyme of SM hydrolysis for Cer generation, were higher in group AGED+RJ1 than in group AGED. Despite increases in GC-B, SM1/2/3, and serine palmitoyltransferase2 protein, an enzyme of de novo Cer synthesis, in group AGED+RJ2 to levels higher than in group AGED, epidermal levels of hydration, Cer1-7, GC-A/C/D, GCase, and aSMase proteins were similar in these two groups. Expression of GCase and aSMase mRNAs, and of Cer synthase3 and ceramidase proteins, enzymes of de novo Cer synthesis and degradation, did not differ among groups.
Dietary RJ1 improved epidermal hydration by enhancing Cer metabolism with increased levels of all Cer, GC, and SM species, and of GCase and aSMase proteins.
J Med Food. 2015 Sep;18(9):999-1006
Epidermal hydration is maintained by the epidermal lipid barrier, of which ceramide (Cer) is the major constituent. We examined the dietary effect of royal jelly (RJ) on epidermal hydration in aged mice.
Altered Cer metabolism was further determined by measuring epidermal levels of individual Cer, glucosylceramide (GC), and sphingomyelin (SM) species, and of Cer-metabolizing enzymes. Aged C57BL/6J mice were fed a control diet (group AGED) or diets with 1% RJ harvested from two different areas (groups AGED+RJ1:AGED+RJ2) for 16 weeks. Aged C57BL/6J mice with no dietary intervention (the control group: group C) represented the onset of aging. In group AGED, epidermal levels of hydration, Cer1/2/5/6/7, GC-A/B/C/D, SM1/2/3, and β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) protein, an enzyme of GC hydrolysis for Cer generation, were lower than in group C; these levels, as well as those of Cer3/4 and acidic sphingomyelinase (aSMase) protein, an enzyme of SM hydrolysis for Cer generation, were higher in group AGED+RJ1 than in group AGED. Despite increases in GC-B, SM1/2/3, and serine palmitoyltransferase2 protein, an enzyme of de novo Cer synthesis, in group AGED+RJ2 to levels higher than in group AGED, epidermal levels of hydration, Cer1-7, GC-A/C/D, GCase, and aSMase proteins were similar in these two groups. Expression of GCase and aSMase mRNAs, and of Cer synthase3 and ceramidase proteins, enzymes of de novo Cer synthesis and degradation, did not differ among groups.
Dietary RJ1 improved epidermal hydration by enhancing Cer metabolism with increased levels of all Cer, GC, and SM species, and of GCase and aSMase proteins.
Saturday, September 26, 2015
Bee Venom Protects Against Neuron Cell Death
Bee Venom Protects against Rotenone-Induced Cell Death in NSC34 Motor Neuron Cells
Toxins (Basel). 2015 Sep 21;7(9):3715-3726
Rotenone, an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, is known to elevate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and induce apoptosis via activation of the caspase-3 pathway.
Bee venom (BV) extracted from honey bees has been widely used in oriental medicine and contains melittin, apamin, adolapin, mast cell-degranulating peptide, and phospholipase A₂. In this study, we tested the effects of BV on neuronal cell death by examining rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. NSC34 motor neuron cells were pretreated with 2.5 μg/mL BV and stimulated with 10 μM rotenone to induce cell toxicity. We assessed cell death by Western blotting using specific antibodies, such as phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-JNK, and cleaved capase-3 and performed an MTT assay for evaluation of cell death and mitochondria staining. Pretreatment with 2.5 μg/mL BV had a neuroprotective effect against 10 μM rotenone-induced cell death in NSC34 motor neuron cells. Pre-treatment with BV significantly enhanced cell viability and ameliorated mitochondrial impairment in rotenone-treated cellular model. Moreover, BV treatment inhibited the activation of JNK signaling and cleaved caspase-3 related to cell death and increased ERK phosphorylation involved in cell survival in rotenone-treated NSC34 motor neuron cells.
Taken together, we suggest that BV treatment can be useful for protection of neurons against oxidative stress or neurotoxin-induced cell death.
Toxins (Basel). 2015 Sep 21;7(9):3715-3726
Rotenone, an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, is known to elevate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and induce apoptosis via activation of the caspase-3 pathway.
Bee venom (BV) extracted from honey bees has been widely used in oriental medicine and contains melittin, apamin, adolapin, mast cell-degranulating peptide, and phospholipase A₂. In this study, we tested the effects of BV on neuronal cell death by examining rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. NSC34 motor neuron cells were pretreated with 2.5 μg/mL BV and stimulated with 10 μM rotenone to induce cell toxicity. We assessed cell death by Western blotting using specific antibodies, such as phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-JNK, and cleaved capase-3 and performed an MTT assay for evaluation of cell death and mitochondria staining. Pretreatment with 2.5 μg/mL BV had a neuroprotective effect against 10 μM rotenone-induced cell death in NSC34 motor neuron cells. Pre-treatment with BV significantly enhanced cell viability and ameliorated mitochondrial impairment in rotenone-treated cellular model. Moreover, BV treatment inhibited the activation of JNK signaling and cleaved caspase-3 related to cell death and increased ERK phosphorylation involved in cell survival in rotenone-treated NSC34 motor neuron cells.
Taken together, we suggest that BV treatment can be useful for protection of neurons against oxidative stress or neurotoxin-induced cell death.
Friday, September 25, 2015
2-AP Together with MGO Can Be a Suitable Parameter for the Quality Control of Manuka Honey
Identification and Quantitation of 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline in Manuka Honey (Leptospermum scoparium)
J. Agric. Food Chem., Article ASAP
Publication Date (Web): September 12, 2015
Manuka honey from New Zealand is known for its exceptional antibacterial activity, which is due to high amounts of the 1,2-dicarbonyl compound methylglyoxal (MGO). MGO in manuka honey is formed via non-enzymatic dehydration from dihydroxyacetone (DHA) during honey maturation. MGO and DHA are highly reactive substances, leading to a variety of unique chemical reactions. During Strecker reaction between proline and MGO, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP), an important aroma compound, is formed.
Using liquid–liquid extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, 2-AP was identified unambiguously in manuka honey for the first time. Quantitation was carried out via external matrix calibration, using a synthetic 2-AP standard and artificial honey. The 2-AP concentration in 11 commercial samples of manuka honey ranged from 0.08 to 0.45 mg/kg. For manuka honey samples containing MGO in concentrations above 250 mg/kg, significantly higher amounts of 2-AP were found when compared to non-manuka honeys.
When high amounts of MGO were artificially added to non-manuka multifloral honey, an increase of the 2-AP concentration from 0.07 to 0.40 mg/kg after 12 weeks of storage at 37 °C was observed, concomitant with a significant increase in the concentration of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). No increase of 2-AP was found during storage at ambient temperature. 2-AP together with MGO can be a suitable parameter for the quality control of manuka honey.
Thursday, September 24, 2015
Manuka Honey Helps Treat Corneal Edema
Standardised antibacterial Manuka honey in the management of persistent post-operative corneal oedema: a case series
Clin Exp Optom. 2015 Sep;98(5):464-72
BACKGROUND:
Corneal oedema is a common post-operative problem that delays or prevents visual recovery from ocular surgery. Honey is a supersaturated solution of sugars with an acidic pH, high osmolarity and low water content. These characteristics inhibit the growth of micro-organisms, reduce oedema and promote epithelialisation. This clinical case series describes the use of a regulatory approved Leptospermum species honey ophthalmic product, in the management of post-operative corneal oedema and bullous keratopathy.
METHODS:
A retrospective review of 18 consecutive cases (30 eyes) with corneal oedema persisting beyond one month after single or multiple ocular surgical procedures (phacoemulsification cataract surgery and additional procedures) treated with Optimel Antibacterial Manuka Eye Drops twice to three times daily as an adjunctive therapy to conventional topical management with corticosteroid, aqueous suppressants, hypertonic sodium chloride five per cent, eyelid hygiene and artificial tears. Visual acuity and central corneal thickness were measured before and at the conclusion of Optimel treatment.
RESULTS:
A temporary reduction in corneal epithelial oedema lasting up to several hours was observed after the initial Optimel instillation and was associated with a reduction in central corneal thickness, resolution of epithelial microcysts, collapse of epithelial bullae, improved corneal clarity, improved visualisation of the intraocular structures and improved visual acuity. Additionally, with chronic use, reduction in punctate epitheliopathy, reduction in central corneal thickness and improvement in visual acuity were achieved. Temporary stinging after Optimel instillation was experienced. No adverse infectious or inflammatory events occurred during treatment with Optimel.
CONCLUSIONS:
Optimel was a safe and effective adjunctive therapeutic strategy in the management of persistent post-operative corneal oedema and warrants further investigation in clinical trials.
Clin Exp Optom. 2015 Sep;98(5):464-72
BACKGROUND:
Corneal oedema is a common post-operative problem that delays or prevents visual recovery from ocular surgery. Honey is a supersaturated solution of sugars with an acidic pH, high osmolarity and low water content. These characteristics inhibit the growth of micro-organisms, reduce oedema and promote epithelialisation. This clinical case series describes the use of a regulatory approved Leptospermum species honey ophthalmic product, in the management of post-operative corneal oedema and bullous keratopathy.
METHODS:
A retrospective review of 18 consecutive cases (30 eyes) with corneal oedema persisting beyond one month after single or multiple ocular surgical procedures (phacoemulsification cataract surgery and additional procedures) treated with Optimel Antibacterial Manuka Eye Drops twice to three times daily as an adjunctive therapy to conventional topical management with corticosteroid, aqueous suppressants, hypertonic sodium chloride five per cent, eyelid hygiene and artificial tears. Visual acuity and central corneal thickness were measured before and at the conclusion of Optimel treatment.
RESULTS:
A temporary reduction in corneal epithelial oedema lasting up to several hours was observed after the initial Optimel instillation and was associated with a reduction in central corneal thickness, resolution of epithelial microcysts, collapse of epithelial bullae, improved corneal clarity, improved visualisation of the intraocular structures and improved visual acuity. Additionally, with chronic use, reduction in punctate epitheliopathy, reduction in central corneal thickness and improvement in visual acuity were achieved. Temporary stinging after Optimel instillation was experienced. No adverse infectious or inflammatory events occurred during treatment with Optimel.
CONCLUSIONS:
Optimel was a safe and effective adjunctive therapeutic strategy in the management of persistent post-operative corneal oedema and warrants further investigation in clinical trials.
Tuesday, September 22, 2015
Bee Venom Protects Motor Neuron Cells
Bee Venom Protects against Rotenone-Induced Cell Death in NSC34 Motor Neuron Cells
Toxins 2015, 7(9), 3715-3726
Rotenone, an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, is known to elevate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and induce apoptosis via activation of the caspase-3 pathway. Bee venom (BV) extracted from honey bees has been widely used in oriental medicine and contains melittin, apamin, adolapin, mast cell-degranulating peptide, and phospholipase A2.
In this study, we tested the effects of BV on neuronal cell death by examining rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. NSC34 motor neuron cells were pretreated with 2.5 μg/mL BV and stimulated with 10 μM rotenone to induce cell toxicity.
We assessed cell death by Western blotting using specific antibodies, such as phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-JNK, and cleaved capase-3 and performed an MTT assay for evaluation of cell death and mitochondria staining. Pretreatment with 2.5 μg/mL BV had a neuroprotective effect against 10 μM rotenone-induced cell death in NSC34 motor neuron cells.
Pre-treatment with BV significantly enhanced cell viability and ameliorated mitochondrial impairment in rotenone-treated cellular model. Moreover, BV treatment inhibited the activation of JNK signaling and cleaved caspase-3 related to cell death and increased ERK phosphorylation involved in cell survival in rotenone-treated NSC34 motor neuron cells.
Taken together, we suggest that BV treatment can be useful for protection of neurons against oxidative stress or neurotoxin-induced cell death.
Toxins 2015, 7(9), 3715-3726
Rotenone, an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, is known to elevate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and induce apoptosis via activation of the caspase-3 pathway. Bee venom (BV) extracted from honey bees has been widely used in oriental medicine and contains melittin, apamin, adolapin, mast cell-degranulating peptide, and phospholipase A2.
In this study, we tested the effects of BV on neuronal cell death by examining rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. NSC34 motor neuron cells were pretreated with 2.5 μg/mL BV and stimulated with 10 μM rotenone to induce cell toxicity.
We assessed cell death by Western blotting using specific antibodies, such as phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-JNK, and cleaved capase-3 and performed an MTT assay for evaluation of cell death and mitochondria staining. Pretreatment with 2.5 μg/mL BV had a neuroprotective effect against 10 μM rotenone-induced cell death in NSC34 motor neuron cells.
Pre-treatment with BV significantly enhanced cell viability and ameliorated mitochondrial impairment in rotenone-treated cellular model. Moreover, BV treatment inhibited the activation of JNK signaling and cleaved caspase-3 related to cell death and increased ERK phosphorylation involved in cell survival in rotenone-treated NSC34 motor neuron cells.
Taken together, we suggest that BV treatment can be useful for protection of neurons against oxidative stress or neurotoxin-induced cell death.
Monday, September 21, 2015
Honey and Black Seed Oil Can Help Treat Indigestion
Efficacy and safety of Honey based formulation of nigella sativa seed oil in functional dyspepsia: A double blind randomized controlled clinical trial
J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Sep 16. pii: S0378-8741(15)30147-1
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:
A honey based formulation from Nigella sativa L. (N. sativa) has been used in Traditional Persian Medicine for upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Considering the traditional use of this formulation and its ingredients known pharmacologic effects, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of N. sativa seed oil mixed with honey in treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia.
METHODS AND MATERIALS:
Seventy patients diagnosed with functional dyspepsia according to ROME III criteria and confirmed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were selected to receive a traditional honey based formulation of Nigella sativa (5mlN. sativa oil orally daily) or placebo for 8 weeks in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial using a parallel design with a 1:1 allocation ratio. Patients were evaluated prior to and following 8 weeks of the intervention in terms of the Hong Kong index of dyspepsia severity, presence of H. pylori infection based on urease test, scores in different domains of short form (SF-36) health survey, and any observed adverse events.
RESULTS:
The mean scores of Hong Kong index of dyspepsia severity sores and the rate of H. pylori infection were significantly lower in the N. sativa group comparing the placebo group after the intervention (P < 0.001). No serious adverse event was reported.
CONCLUSION:
This study showed that adjuvant supplementation of honey based formulation of N. sativa can cause significant symptomatic improvement of patients with functional dyspepsia whom received the standard anti-secretory therapy. The results should be investigated further in studies with longer duration and larger sample size.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Sep 16. pii: S0378-8741(15)30147-1
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:
A honey based formulation from Nigella sativa L. (N. sativa) has been used in Traditional Persian Medicine for upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Considering the traditional use of this formulation and its ingredients known pharmacologic effects, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of N. sativa seed oil mixed with honey in treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia.
METHODS AND MATERIALS:
Seventy patients diagnosed with functional dyspepsia according to ROME III criteria and confirmed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were selected to receive a traditional honey based formulation of Nigella sativa (5mlN. sativa oil orally daily) or placebo for 8 weeks in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial using a parallel design with a 1:1 allocation ratio. Patients were evaluated prior to and following 8 weeks of the intervention in terms of the Hong Kong index of dyspepsia severity, presence of H. pylori infection based on urease test, scores in different domains of short form (SF-36) health survey, and any observed adverse events.
RESULTS:
The mean scores of Hong Kong index of dyspepsia severity sores and the rate of H. pylori infection were significantly lower in the N. sativa group comparing the placebo group after the intervention (P < 0.001). No serious adverse event was reported.
CONCLUSION:
This study showed that adjuvant supplementation of honey based formulation of N. sativa can cause significant symptomatic improvement of patients with functional dyspepsia whom received the standard anti-secretory therapy. The results should be investigated further in studies with longer duration and larger sample size.
Sunday, September 20, 2015
Topical Application of Propolis Significantly Enhanced Closure of Diabetic Wounds
Topical Application of Propolis Enhances Cutaneous Wound Healing by Promoting TGF-Beta/Smad-Mediated Collagen Production in a Streptozotocin-Induced Type I Diabetic Mouse Model
Cell Physiol Biochem. 2015 Sep 18;37(3):940-954
BACKGROUND/AIMS:
Impaired wound healing is considered to be one of the most serious complications associated with diabetes as it significantly increases the susceptibility of patients to infection. Propolis is a natural bee product used extensively in foods and beverages that has significant benefits to human health. In particular, propolis has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects that could be useful for improving wound healing. In this study, we investigated the effects of topical application of propolis on the healing and closure of diabetic wounds in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type I diabetic mouse model.
METHODS:
Sixty male mice were distributed equally into 3 experimental groups: group 1, non-diabetic control mice; group 2, diabetic mice; and group 3, diabetic mice treated daily with a topical application of propolis.
RESULTS:
We found that diabetic mice exhibited delayed wound closure characterized by a significant decrease in the levels of TGF-β1 and a prolonged elevation of the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and MMP9 in wound tissues compared with control non-diabetic mice. Moreover, the wound tissues of diabetic mice showed a marked reduction in the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 as well as a marked reduction in collagen production. Interestingly, compared with untreated diabetic mice, topical application of propolis significantly enhanced the closure of diabetic wounds and decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and MMP9 to near normal levels. Most importantly, compared with untreated diabetic mice, the treatment of diabetic mice with propolis significantly enhanced the production of collagen via the TGF-β1/Smad2,3 signaling axis in wounded tissues.
CONCLUSION:
Our findings reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the improved healing and closure of diabetic wounds following topical propolis application.
Cell Physiol Biochem. 2015 Sep 18;37(3):940-954
BACKGROUND/AIMS:
Impaired wound healing is considered to be one of the most serious complications associated with diabetes as it significantly increases the susceptibility of patients to infection. Propolis is a natural bee product used extensively in foods and beverages that has significant benefits to human health. In particular, propolis has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects that could be useful for improving wound healing. In this study, we investigated the effects of topical application of propolis on the healing and closure of diabetic wounds in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type I diabetic mouse model.
METHODS:
Sixty male mice were distributed equally into 3 experimental groups: group 1, non-diabetic control mice; group 2, diabetic mice; and group 3, diabetic mice treated daily with a topical application of propolis.
RESULTS:
We found that diabetic mice exhibited delayed wound closure characterized by a significant decrease in the levels of TGF-β1 and a prolonged elevation of the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and MMP9 in wound tissues compared with control non-diabetic mice. Moreover, the wound tissues of diabetic mice showed a marked reduction in the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 as well as a marked reduction in collagen production. Interestingly, compared with untreated diabetic mice, topical application of propolis significantly enhanced the closure of diabetic wounds and decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and MMP9 to near normal levels. Most importantly, compared with untreated diabetic mice, the treatment of diabetic mice with propolis significantly enhanced the production of collagen via the TGF-β1/Smad2,3 signaling axis in wounded tissues.
CONCLUSION:
Our findings reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the improved healing and closure of diabetic wounds following topical propolis application.
Saturday, September 19, 2015
Speaker: Maria Spivak, University of Minnesota
When (Date/Time) November 13, 2015, 11:15 AM - 12:05 PM
Where 107 Forest Resources Bldg.
Penn State University
Friday, September 18, 2015
Bee Pollen is Safe and Has Good Nutritional Quality
Microbiological Assessment, Nutritional Characterization and Phenolic Compounds of Bee Pollen from Mellipona mandacaia
Molecules. 2015 Jul 9;20(7):12525-12544
This study aims to assess the microbiological parameters and the chemical composition of 21 samples of stingless bee pollen (Melipona mandacaia) from two regions of Bahia, Brazil (João Dourado and Uibaí), with particular emphasis on the nutritional value, total phenols and flavonoids and fatty acids composition.
Regarding the microbiological quality, the studied microorganisms (moulds and yeasts, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp., psychrotrophic and sulfite-reducing Clostridia) were absent in all samples. On the other hand, the values obtained for the aerobic mesophilic microorganism ranged from 11.0 ± 1.0 to 1.32 ± 1.2 cfu∙g-¹ (JD samples) and from 282 ± 3.82 to 688 ± 10.1 cfu∙g-¹ (U samples). The nutritional parameters (moisture, ash, water activity, pH, total acidity, protein, fiber, total phenolic, flavonoids and reducing sugars) were within the stipulated by law, except for pH and moisture content, which presented superior and inferior values, respectively. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (54.1%) were significantly higher than saturated (42.18%) and monounsaturated (3.71%).
It was found that the bee pollen is safe from the microbiological point of view and has a good nutritional quality. The influence of the geographical origin on the assessed parameters was evident, especially concerning the fatty acid profile.
Molecules. 2015 Jul 9;20(7):12525-12544
This study aims to assess the microbiological parameters and the chemical composition of 21 samples of stingless bee pollen (Melipona mandacaia) from two regions of Bahia, Brazil (João Dourado and Uibaí), with particular emphasis on the nutritional value, total phenols and flavonoids and fatty acids composition.
Regarding the microbiological quality, the studied microorganisms (moulds and yeasts, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp., psychrotrophic and sulfite-reducing Clostridia) were absent in all samples. On the other hand, the values obtained for the aerobic mesophilic microorganism ranged from 11.0 ± 1.0 to 1.32 ± 1.2 cfu∙g-¹ (JD samples) and from 282 ± 3.82 to 688 ± 10.1 cfu∙g-¹ (U samples). The nutritional parameters (moisture, ash, water activity, pH, total acidity, protein, fiber, total phenolic, flavonoids and reducing sugars) were within the stipulated by law, except for pH and moisture content, which presented superior and inferior values, respectively. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (54.1%) were significantly higher than saturated (42.18%) and monounsaturated (3.71%).
It was found that the bee pollen is safe from the microbiological point of view and has a good nutritional quality. The influence of the geographical origin on the assessed parameters was evident, especially concerning the fatty acid profile.
Thursday, September 17, 2015
Which Australian species of Leptospermum produce honey with high antibacterial qualities?
Honey healing: medicinal honey potential has Australian researchers on the hunt for more liquid gold
ABC Rural, 9/16/2015
As spring kicks in, honey researchers are stepping up their efforts to study how native trees can increase the value of honey that has healing properties.
Manuka honey is known for its medicinal and healing qualities, with New Zealand product currently dominating the lucrative market.
The honey is produced with the pollen from Leptospermum tree species. New Zealand only has two of these species, but Australia has about 86.
Professor Liz Harry from the ithree institute, at the University of Technology Sydney, wants Australian beekeepers to send her samples of their honey.
It is part of a research project that aims to establish which Australian species of Leptospermum produce honey with high antibacterial qualities to rival new Zealand's Manuka product.
"On the Sunshine Coast, in Queensland, there is quite a lot of Leptospermum species, and it is very potent in killing bacteria and has similar chemical properties to the New Zealand Manuka honey," Ms Harry said...
Wednesday, September 16, 2015
A Parameter for Quality Control of Manuka Honey
Identification and Quantitation of 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline in Manuka Honey (Leptospermum scoparium)
J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Sep 12
Manuka honey from New Zealand is known for its exceptional antibacterial activity, which is due to high amounts of the 1,2-dicarbonyl compound methylglyoxal (MGO). MGO in manuka honey is formed via non-enzymatic dehydration from dihydroxyacetone (DHA) during honey maturation. MGO and DHA are highly reactive substances, leading to a variety of unique chemical reactions.
During Strecker degradation of proline and MGO, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP), an important aroma compound, is formed. Using liquid-liquid extraction and GC-MS analysis, 2-AP was identified unambiguously in manuka honey for the first time. Quantitation was carried out via external matrix calibration, using a synthetic 2-AP standard and artificial honey. The 2-AP concentration in 11 commercial samples of manuka honey ranged from 0.08 to 0.45 mg/kg. For manuka honey samples containing MGO in concentrations above 250 mg/kg, significantly higher amounts of 2-AP were found when compared to non-manuka honeys.
When high amounts of MGO were artificially added to non-manuka multifloral honey, an increase of the 2-AP concentration from 0.07 to 0.40 mg/kg after 12 weeks of storage at 37 °C was observed, concomitant with a significant increase in the concentration of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). No increase of 2-AP was found during storage at ambient temperature. 2-AP together with MGO can be a suitable parameter for the quality control of manuka honey.
J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Sep 12
Manuka honey from New Zealand is known for its exceptional antibacterial activity, which is due to high amounts of the 1,2-dicarbonyl compound methylglyoxal (MGO). MGO in manuka honey is formed via non-enzymatic dehydration from dihydroxyacetone (DHA) during honey maturation. MGO and DHA are highly reactive substances, leading to a variety of unique chemical reactions.
During Strecker degradation of proline and MGO, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP), an important aroma compound, is formed. Using liquid-liquid extraction and GC-MS analysis, 2-AP was identified unambiguously in manuka honey for the first time. Quantitation was carried out via external matrix calibration, using a synthetic 2-AP standard and artificial honey. The 2-AP concentration in 11 commercial samples of manuka honey ranged from 0.08 to 0.45 mg/kg. For manuka honey samples containing MGO in concentrations above 250 mg/kg, significantly higher amounts of 2-AP were found when compared to non-manuka honeys.
When high amounts of MGO were artificially added to non-manuka multifloral honey, an increase of the 2-AP concentration from 0.07 to 0.40 mg/kg after 12 weeks of storage at 37 °C was observed, concomitant with a significant increase in the concentration of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). No increase of 2-AP was found during storage at ambient temperature. 2-AP together with MGO can be a suitable parameter for the quality control of manuka honey.
Tuesday, September 15, 2015
Romanian Apitherapy Congress October 30 - November 2, 2015
November 2 (Monday): Practical Workshop at University Hospital CFR Iasi
Optional:
Dinner, Saturday, October 31, 8:30 p.m. to 10 p.m.
For questions contact: drstangaciu@gmail.com
Dr Stefan Stangaciu
Monday, September 14, 2015
Dietary Royal Jelly Improved Epidermal Hydration in Aged Mice
Epidermal Hydration Is Improved by Enhanced Ceramide Metabolism in Aged C57BL/6J Mice After Dietary Supplementation of Royal Jelly
J Med Food. 2015 Sep;18(9):999-1006
Epidermal hydration is maintained by the epidermal lipid barrier, of which ceramide (Cer) is the major constituent. We examined the dietary effect of royal jelly (RJ) on epidermal hydration in aged mice.
Altered Cer metabolism was further determined by measuring epidermal levels of individual Cer, glucosylceramide (GC), and sphingomyelin (SM) species, and of Cer-metabolizing enzymes. Aged C57BL/6J mice were fed a control diet (group AGED) or diets with 1% RJ harvested from two different areas (groups AGED+RJ1:AGED+RJ2) for 16 weeks. Aged C57BL/6J mice with no dietary intervention (the control group: group C) represented the onset of aging. In group AGED, epidermal levels of hydration, Cer1/2/5/6/7, GC-A/B/C/D, SM1/2/3, and β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) protein, an enzyme of GC hydrolysis for Cer generation, were lower than in group C; these levels, as well as those of Cer3/4 and acidic sphingomyelinase (aSMase) protein, an enzyme of SM hydrolysis for Cer generation, were higher in group AGED+RJ1 than in group AGED.
Despite increases in GC-B, SM1/2/3, and serine palmitoyltransferase2 protein, an enzyme of de novo Cer synthesis, in group AGED+RJ2 to levels higher than in group AGED, epidermal levels of hydration, Cer1-7, GC-A/C/D, GCase, and aSMase proteins were similar in these two groups.
Expression of GCase and aSMase mRNAs, and of Cer synthase3 and ceramidase proteins, enzymes of de novo Cer synthesis and degradation, did not differ among groups. Dietary RJ1 improved epidermal hydration by enhancing Cer metabolism with increased levels of all Cer, GC, and SM species, and of GCase and aSMase proteins.
J Med Food. 2015 Sep;18(9):999-1006
Epidermal hydration is maintained by the epidermal lipid barrier, of which ceramide (Cer) is the major constituent. We examined the dietary effect of royal jelly (RJ) on epidermal hydration in aged mice.
Altered Cer metabolism was further determined by measuring epidermal levels of individual Cer, glucosylceramide (GC), and sphingomyelin (SM) species, and of Cer-metabolizing enzymes. Aged C57BL/6J mice were fed a control diet (group AGED) or diets with 1% RJ harvested from two different areas (groups AGED+RJ1:AGED+RJ2) for 16 weeks. Aged C57BL/6J mice with no dietary intervention (the control group: group C) represented the onset of aging. In group AGED, epidermal levels of hydration, Cer1/2/5/6/7, GC-A/B/C/D, SM1/2/3, and β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) protein, an enzyme of GC hydrolysis for Cer generation, were lower than in group C; these levels, as well as those of Cer3/4 and acidic sphingomyelinase (aSMase) protein, an enzyme of SM hydrolysis for Cer generation, were higher in group AGED+RJ1 than in group AGED.
Despite increases in GC-B, SM1/2/3, and serine palmitoyltransferase2 protein, an enzyme of de novo Cer synthesis, in group AGED+RJ2 to levels higher than in group AGED, epidermal levels of hydration, Cer1-7, GC-A/C/D, GCase, and aSMase proteins were similar in these two groups.
Expression of GCase and aSMase mRNAs, and of Cer synthase3 and ceramidase proteins, enzymes of de novo Cer synthesis and degradation, did not differ among groups. Dietary RJ1 improved epidermal hydration by enhancing Cer metabolism with increased levels of all Cer, GC, and SM species, and of GCase and aSMase proteins.
Sunday, September 13, 2015
Bee Venom Component a Promising Antimicrobial Agent to Enhance Healing of MRSA‑Induced Wounds
Melittin, a honeybee venom‑derived antimicrobial peptide, may target methicillin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Mol Med Rep. 2015 Sep 1
Methicillin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is difficult to treat using available antibiotic agents. Honeybee venom has been widely used as an oriental treatment for several inflammatory diseases and bacterial infections. The venom contains predominantly biologically active compounds, however, the therapeutic effects of such materials when used to treat MRSA infections have not been investigated extensively. The present study evaluated bee venom and its principal active component, melittin, in terms of their antibacterial activities and in vivo protection against MRSA infections. In vitro, bee venom and melittin exhibited comparable levels of antibacterial activity, which was more marked against MRSA strains, compared with other Gram‑positive bacteria. When MRSA‑infected mice were treated with bee venom or melittin, only the latter animals were successfully rescued from MRSA‑ induced bacteraemia or exhibited recovery from MRSA‑infected skin wounds.
Together, the data of the present study demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that melittin may be used as a promising antimicrobial agent to enhance the healing of MRSA‑induced wounds.
Mol Med Rep. 2015 Sep 1
Methicillin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is difficult to treat using available antibiotic agents. Honeybee venom has been widely used as an oriental treatment for several inflammatory diseases and bacterial infections. The venom contains predominantly biologically active compounds, however, the therapeutic effects of such materials when used to treat MRSA infections have not been investigated extensively. The present study evaluated bee venom and its principal active component, melittin, in terms of their antibacterial activities and in vivo protection against MRSA infections. In vitro, bee venom and melittin exhibited comparable levels of antibacterial activity, which was more marked against MRSA strains, compared with other Gram‑positive bacteria. When MRSA‑infected mice were treated with bee venom or melittin, only the latter animals were successfully rescued from MRSA‑ induced bacteraemia or exhibited recovery from MRSA‑infected skin wounds.
Together, the data of the present study demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that melittin may be used as a promising antimicrobial agent to enhance the healing of MRSA‑induced wounds.
Saturday, September 12, 2015
Wedderspoon Introduces Limited Edition Manuka Honey KFactor 22
Malvern, PA, September 10, 2015 --(PR.com)-- In response to heightened consumer demand for the health-boosting properties of Manuka honey, Wedderspoon, Inc. is proud to introduce the newest addition to their line of Manuka honeys, Limited Edition 100% Raw Manuka Honey KFactor 22.
KFactor 22 boasts the highest pollen count and highest concentration of the therapeutic properties consumers have come to expect from Wedderspoon's entire line of Manuka honeys.
"Our Limited Edition Manuka 22 is unique," adds Rebecca Remley, CEO, Wedderspoon, Inc. "A synergy of both environmental and agricultural factors create an opportunity for the honeybees to produce this special harvest."...
KFactor 22 boasts the highest pollen count and highest concentration of the therapeutic properties consumers have come to expect from Wedderspoon's entire line of Manuka honeys.
"Our Limited Edition Manuka 22 is unique," adds Rebecca Remley, CEO, Wedderspoon, Inc. "A synergy of both environmental and agricultural factors create an opportunity for the honeybees to produce this special harvest."...
Friday, September 11, 2015
Patent Covers First Manuka Honey Foam Wound Dressing
LMP Receives Patent Covering New Wound Care Dressings
Patent also covers first Manuka honey dosed foam dressing
IRVINE, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Links Medical Products, Inc. (LMP) today announced the company has been awarded a new patent (No. 9,107,974) by the United States Patent and Trademark Office covering a unique form of wound care dressings employing honey in a pattern structure.
“This latest patent is confirming recognition of the strong position LMP’s new certified medical-grade Manuka honey dressings are establishing in the field of wound care.”
LMP’s new patent relates generally to medical grade foam dressings and specifically covers gap-patterned wound dressings, which includes patterned foam structures.
This latest technology is a significant addition to three other distinct wound care technologies owned by LMP. The company now holds a total of five major patents in the healthcare product field and is a leader in the use of medical-grade Manuka honey in wound care.
"Our newest wound care dressing represents the first and only honey dosed foam product in the world today,” stated Tom Buckley, LMP's CEO. “This latest patent is confirming recognition of the strong position LMP’s new certified medical-grade Manuka honey dressings are establishing in the field of wound care."
Patent also covers first Manuka honey dosed foam dressing
IRVINE, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Links Medical Products, Inc. (LMP) today announced the company has been awarded a new patent (No. 9,107,974) by the United States Patent and Trademark Office covering a unique form of wound care dressings employing honey in a pattern structure.
“This latest patent is confirming recognition of the strong position LMP’s new certified medical-grade Manuka honey dressings are establishing in the field of wound care.”
LMP’s new patent relates generally to medical grade foam dressings and specifically covers gap-patterned wound dressings, which includes patterned foam structures.
This latest technology is a significant addition to three other distinct wound care technologies owned by LMP. The company now holds a total of five major patents in the healthcare product field and is a leader in the use of medical-grade Manuka honey in wound care.
"Our newest wound care dressing represents the first and only honey dosed foam product in the world today,” stated Tom Buckley, LMP's CEO. “This latest patent is confirming recognition of the strong position LMP’s new certified medical-grade Manuka honey dressings are establishing in the field of wound care."
Thursday, September 10, 2015
New Zealand Propolis Shows Anti-Cancer Properties
Antiproliferative Activity of New Zealand Propolis and Phenolic Compounds vs Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells
Fitoterapia. 2015 Sep 5
New Zealand propolis is a "European" type propolis obtained by honey bees mainly from exudates of poplar. European type propolis is known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties and this activity has been attributed to some of the main constituents such as chrysin and CAPE (caffeic acid phenethyl ester).
As part of our studies on how New Zealand propolis might benefit gastro-intestinal health, we carried out in vitro bioactivity-guided fractionation of "Bio30™" propolis using both anti-inflammatory (TNF-α, COX-1, COX-2) and anti-colon cancer (DLD-1 colon cancer cell viability) assays; and determined the phenolic compounds responsible for the activity. The New Zealand wax-free Bio30™ propolis tincture solids had very high levels of the dihydroflavonoids pinocembrin and pinobanksin-3-O-acetate, and high levels of the dimethylallyl, benzyl and 3-methyl-3-butenyl caffeates relative to CAPE.
The DLD-1 assays identified strong anti-proliferative activity associated with these components as well chrysin, galangin and CAPE and a number of lesser known or lower concentration compounds including benzyl ferulate, benzyl isoferulate, pinostrobin, 5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid and tectochrysin. The phenolic compounds pinocembrin, pinobanksin-3-O-acetate, tectochrysin, dimethylallyl caffeate, 3-methyl-3-butenyl caffeate, benzyl ferulate and benzyl isoferulate also showed good broad spectrum activity in anti-proliferative assays against three other gastro-intestinal cancer cell lines; HCT-116 colon carcinoma, KYSE-30 oesophageal squamous cancer, and NCI-N87 gastric carcinoma.
Activity is also observed in anti-inflammatory assays although it appears to be limited to one of the first cytokines in the inflammatory cascade, TNF-α.
Fitoterapia. 2015 Sep 5
New Zealand propolis is a "European" type propolis obtained by honey bees mainly from exudates of poplar. European type propolis is known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties and this activity has been attributed to some of the main constituents such as chrysin and CAPE (caffeic acid phenethyl ester).
As part of our studies on how New Zealand propolis might benefit gastro-intestinal health, we carried out in vitro bioactivity-guided fractionation of "Bio30™" propolis using both anti-inflammatory (TNF-α, COX-1, COX-2) and anti-colon cancer (DLD-1 colon cancer cell viability) assays; and determined the phenolic compounds responsible for the activity. The New Zealand wax-free Bio30™ propolis tincture solids had very high levels of the dihydroflavonoids pinocembrin and pinobanksin-3-O-acetate, and high levels of the dimethylallyl, benzyl and 3-methyl-3-butenyl caffeates relative to CAPE.
The DLD-1 assays identified strong anti-proliferative activity associated with these components as well chrysin, galangin and CAPE and a number of lesser known or lower concentration compounds including benzyl ferulate, benzyl isoferulate, pinostrobin, 5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid and tectochrysin. The phenolic compounds pinocembrin, pinobanksin-3-O-acetate, tectochrysin, dimethylallyl caffeate, 3-methyl-3-butenyl caffeate, benzyl ferulate and benzyl isoferulate also showed good broad spectrum activity in anti-proliferative assays against three other gastro-intestinal cancer cell lines; HCT-116 colon carcinoma, KYSE-30 oesophageal squamous cancer, and NCI-N87 gastric carcinoma.
Activity is also observed in anti-inflammatory assays although it appears to be limited to one of the first cytokines in the inflammatory cascade, TNF-α.
Wednesday, September 09, 2015
Effect of Thermal Processing on Antibacterial Activity of Multifloral Honeys
Vol. 38 Issue 4
Journal of Food Process Engineering
Early View (Online Version of Record published before inclusion in an issue
In this study, the effects of thermal processing in the antibacterial activity of four multifloral honeys were determined. The thermal treatments were carried out at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80C, and the following characteristics were determined: total phenols and antibacterial activity of three gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) and three gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The results showed that the behavior of total phenols in relation to temperature depended on the floral sources of honey. The honeys presented curves of either linear or quadratic responses of the antibacterial activity in relation to the thermal process, depending on the honey's floral sources and the kind of bacterium to inhibit. The results suggest that the honey's antibacterial activities and behavior with the temperature are different depending on the honey's floral sources and the kind of bacteria that they inhibit.
Practical Applications
The consumer trend to search for minimally processed foods has increased in recent years due to the perception that food processing decreases its health benefits and antibacterial activities. Honey can inhibit pathogenic bacteria, but this inhibition is determined by the floral source from which the honey is collected. In this study, it was shown that thermal processing has a different effect on the antibacterial activities of each honey. These effects were linear or quadratic according to the bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and the floral source of the honey. This effect did not depend on the Gram (the inhibition against Salmonella typhimurium was linear with respect to the thermal process in all honey), in contrast to E. coli (where the effect was quadratic with a peak at 60C in all of the honey). The results led to the conclusion that the thermal processing of each honey must be different to maximize their beneficial health effects as well as their antibacterial activities.
Journal of Food Process Engineering
Early View (Online Version of Record published before inclusion in an issue
In this study, the effects of thermal processing in the antibacterial activity of four multifloral honeys were determined. The thermal treatments were carried out at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80C, and the following characteristics were determined: total phenols and antibacterial activity of three gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) and three gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The results showed that the behavior of total phenols in relation to temperature depended on the floral sources of honey. The honeys presented curves of either linear or quadratic responses of the antibacterial activity in relation to the thermal process, depending on the honey's floral sources and the kind of bacterium to inhibit. The results suggest that the honey's antibacterial activities and behavior with the temperature are different depending on the honey's floral sources and the kind of bacteria that they inhibit.
Practical Applications
The consumer trend to search for minimally processed foods has increased in recent years due to the perception that food processing decreases its health benefits and antibacterial activities. Honey can inhibit pathogenic bacteria, but this inhibition is determined by the floral source from which the honey is collected. In this study, it was shown that thermal processing has a different effect on the antibacterial activities of each honey. These effects were linear or quadratic according to the bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and the floral source of the honey. This effect did not depend on the Gram (the inhibition against Salmonella typhimurium was linear with respect to the thermal process in all honey), in contrast to E. coli (where the effect was quadratic with a peak at 60C in all of the honey). The results led to the conclusion that the thermal processing of each honey must be different to maximize their beneficial health effects as well as their antibacterial activities.
Tuesday, September 08, 2015
To Enhance Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activity of Artisanal Honeys, Each Honey Should Be Treated at Different Temps
Potentiation of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Artisanal Honeys Using Specific Heat Treatments
Vol. 39 Issue 4
Journal of Food Biochemistry
Early View (Online Version of Record published before inclusion in an issue)
The effect of temperature on the phenol content, flavonoids content, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS) in five artisanal honeys of different floral origins was investigated. The total phenol and total flavonoid content showed either linear or quadratic curves (P < 0.05) for heat treatment according to the origin of the honey. For HMF, all of the honeys displayed linear behavior with the heat treatments. All of the honeys had linear responses to temperature (P < 0.05) and antioxidant activity as measured by DPPH. The antioxidant activity measured as the ABTS showed either a linear or quadratic (P < 0.05) curve response depending on the floral origin. The profile of the correlation coefficients between the bioactive compounds (phenols, flavonoids and HMF) and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS) was different for each type of honey. It is possible to enhance the antioxidant activity of artisanal honeys with a specific heat treatment.
Practical Applications
Currently, nutraceuticals use honey for its antioxidant activity. It is important to preserve and improve these properties for the consumer during the processing of honey. In this study, it was found that each honey should be heat treated specifically because each honey has different bioactive compounds according to its floral origin. For some honeys, the thermal behavior of the bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity was quadratic, with the greatest activity at 70C, whereas for other honeys, the behavior was linear, with the highest bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity at 80C. To enhance the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of artisanal honeys, each honey should be treated at a different temperature depending on their linear or quadratic behavior.
Vol. 39 Issue 4
Journal of Food Biochemistry
Early View (Online Version of Record published before inclusion in an issue)
The effect of temperature on the phenol content, flavonoids content, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS) in five artisanal honeys of different floral origins was investigated. The total phenol and total flavonoid content showed either linear or quadratic curves (P < 0.05) for heat treatment according to the origin of the honey. For HMF, all of the honeys displayed linear behavior with the heat treatments. All of the honeys had linear responses to temperature (P < 0.05) and antioxidant activity as measured by DPPH. The antioxidant activity measured as the ABTS showed either a linear or quadratic (P < 0.05) curve response depending on the floral origin. The profile of the correlation coefficients between the bioactive compounds (phenols, flavonoids and HMF) and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS) was different for each type of honey. It is possible to enhance the antioxidant activity of artisanal honeys with a specific heat treatment.
Practical Applications
Currently, nutraceuticals use honey for its antioxidant activity. It is important to preserve and improve these properties for the consumer during the processing of honey. In this study, it was found that each honey should be heat treated specifically because each honey has different bioactive compounds according to its floral origin. For some honeys, the thermal behavior of the bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity was quadratic, with the greatest activity at 70C, whereas for other honeys, the behavior was linear, with the highest bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity at 80C. To enhance the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of artisanal honeys, each honey should be treated at a different temperature depending on their linear or quadratic behavior.
Monday, September 07, 2015
Cameroonian Honeys Demonstrated Functional Properties Similar to Manuka Honey
Comparing the Antibacterial and Functional Properties of Cameroonian and Manuka Honeys for Potential Wound Healing—Have We Come Full Cycle in Dealing with Antibiotic Resistance?
Molecules 2015, 20(9), 16068-16084
The increased incidence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics has generated renewed interest in “traditional” antimicrobials, such as honey. This paper reports on a study comparing physico-chemical, antioxidant and antibacterial characteristics (that potentially contribute in part, to the functional wound healing activity) of Cameroonian honeys with those of Manuka honey.
Agar well diffusion was used to generate zones of inhibition against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus while broth dilutions were used to study the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Non-peroxide activity was investigated by catalase for hydrogen peroxide reduction.
The Cameroonian honeys demonstrated functional properties similar to Manuka honey, with strong correlations between the antioxidant activity and total phenol content of each honey. They were also as effective as Manuka honey in reducing bacteria load with an MIC of 10% w/v against all three bacteria and exhibited non-peroxide antimicrobial activity.
These Cameroon honeys have potential therapeutic activity and may contain compounds with activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Antibacterial agents from such natural sources present a potential affordable treatment of wound infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria, which are a leading cause of amputations and deaths in many African countries.
Sunday, September 06, 2015
New Bee Venom Cream Being Launched to Treat Arthritis, Gout, Pain, Nausea
Daily Journal, 9/6/2015
...“We have developed this lotion
that we rub on the skin in a very small amount,” said Hutchings. “We formulated it so that one pearl sized amount of the cream is equivalent to one bee sting. We have learned since that if you have arthritis or gout, you put the lotion where the pain is and it goes away within minutes.”
Gallaher said if you can’t identify the source of the pain, such as nausea, then they go to the acupuncture sires, which are the ankles and the feet. If you rub the lotion onto the ankle it works for the nausea.
“We have done samples for the last two years and I gave a sample to one woman who was experiencing foot pain,” said Gallaher. “A week later she came back to me and said that it solved her hot flashes. Since then we have tested others and they are very happy now. Another use for the lotion is that skin abrasions, insect bites or poison ivy can be cleared up pretty quickly with it.”
They have a provisional patent to cover the process and they are looking at trademarks, names and have been working with an attorney on patenting.
The product will come in two ounce bottles which are in the process of being made. Gallaher and Hutchings are waiting for the delivery of their product and can’t wait...
...“We have developed this lotionthat we rub on the skin in a very small amount,” said Hutchings. “We formulated it so that one pearl sized amount of the cream is equivalent to one bee sting. We have learned since that if you have arthritis or gout, you put the lotion where the pain is and it goes away within minutes.”
Gallaher said if you can’t identify the source of the pain, such as nausea, then they go to the acupuncture sires, which are the ankles and the feet. If you rub the lotion onto the ankle it works for the nausea.
“We have done samples for the last two years and I gave a sample to one woman who was experiencing foot pain,” said Gallaher. “A week later she came back to me and said that it solved her hot flashes. Since then we have tested others and they are very happy now. Another use for the lotion is that skin abrasions, insect bites or poison ivy can be cleared up pretty quickly with it.”
They have a provisional patent to cover the process and they are looking at trademarks, names and have been working with an attorney on patenting.
The product will come in two ounce bottles which are in the process of being made. Gallaher and Hutchings are waiting for the delivery of their product and can’t wait...
Saturday, September 05, 2015
Bee Venom Component a Promising Antimicrobial Agent
Melittin, a honeybee venom‑derived antimicrobial peptide, may target methicillin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Mol Med Rep. 2015 Sep 1
Methicillin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is difficult to treat using available antibiotic agents. Honeybee venom has been widely used as an oriental treatment for several inflammatory diseases and bacterial infections. The venom contains predominantly biologically active compounds, however, the therapeutic effects of such materials when used to treat MRSA infections have not been investigated extensively.
The present study evaluated bee venom and its principal active component, melittin, in terms of their antibacterial activities and in vivo protection against MRSA infections. In vitro, bee venom and melittin exhibited comparable levels of antibacterial activity, which was more marked against MRSA strains, compared with other Gram‑positive bacteria.
When MRSA‑infected mice were treated with bee venom or melittin, only the latter animals were successfully rescued from MRSA‑ induced bacteraemia or exhibited recovery from MRSA‑infected skin wounds.
Together, the data of the present study demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that melittin may be used as a promising antimicrobial agent to enhance the healing of MRSA‑induced wounds.
Mol Med Rep. 2015 Sep 1
Methicillin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is difficult to treat using available antibiotic agents. Honeybee venom has been widely used as an oriental treatment for several inflammatory diseases and bacterial infections. The venom contains predominantly biologically active compounds, however, the therapeutic effects of such materials when used to treat MRSA infections have not been investigated extensively.
The present study evaluated bee venom and its principal active component, melittin, in terms of their antibacterial activities and in vivo protection against MRSA infections. In vitro, bee venom and melittin exhibited comparable levels of antibacterial activity, which was more marked against MRSA strains, compared with other Gram‑positive bacteria.
When MRSA‑infected mice were treated with bee venom or melittin, only the latter animals were successfully rescued from MRSA‑ induced bacteraemia or exhibited recovery from MRSA‑infected skin wounds.
Together, the data of the present study demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that melittin may be used as a promising antimicrobial agent to enhance the healing of MRSA‑induced wounds.
Friday, September 04, 2015
Propolis is a Potential Natural Herbicide
Mexican propolis flavonoids affect photosynthesis and seedling growth
J Photochem Photobiol B. 2015 Aug 15;151:213-220
As a continuous effort to find new natural products with potential herbicide activity, flavonoids acacetin (1), chrysin (2) and 4',7-dimethylnarangenin (3) were isolated from a propolis sample collected in the rural area of Mexico City and their effects on the photosynthesis light reactions and on the growth of Lolium perenne, Echinochloa crus-galli and Physalis ixocarpa seedlings were investigated. Acacetin (1) acted as an uncoupler by enhancing the electron transport under basal and phosphorylating conditions and the Mg2+-ATPase.
Chrysin (2) at low concentrations behaved as an uncoupler and at concentrations up to 100μM its behavior was as a Hill reaction inhibitor. Finally, 4',7-dimethylnarangenin (3) in a concentration-dependent manner behaved as a Hill reaction inhibitor. Flavonoids 2 and 3 inhibited the uncoupled photosystem II reaction measured from water to 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ), and they did not inhibit the uncoupled partial reactions measured from water to sodium silicomolybdate (SiMo) and from diphenylcarbazide (DPC) to diclorophenol indophenol (DCPIP).
These results indicated that chrysin and 4',7-dimethylnarangenin inhibited the acceptor side of PS II. The results were corroborated with fluorescence of chlorophyll a measurements. Flavonoids also showed activity on the growth of seedlings of Lolium perenne and Echinochloa crus-galli.
Thursday, September 03, 2015
Apitherapy Symposium in Slovenia in the Name of Filip Terč
Lukovica and Maribor, Slovenia, 23-24th October 2015
Filip Terč, father of modern apitherapy, was born in Prapořištĕ, a tiny village in Czech Republic. He lived and worked in Maribor in Slovenia. The more modern study of apitherapy, specifically bee venom, was initiated through the efforts of Phillip Terc in his published results "Report about a Peculiar Connection Between the Bee stings and Rheumatism" in 1888. In 2006, after an initiative from organization Bees for Life – World Apitherapy Network Inc., for the first time March 30 was celebrated in Prapořištĕ as the “World Apitherapy Day”, to honour pioneer scientific research by Dr. Filip Terč, “Father of Modern Apitherapy”, and his professional integrity.
In Slovenia we would like to honour his work with Symposium of Apitherapy, which takes place in Lukovica, where head quarter of Slovenian Beekeepeers Association is settled and in Maribor, the town of Filip Terč.
We will discuss about royall helly, propolis, bee pollen, bee bread and honey, and of course bee venom. We will honor Filip Terč’s name by visiting his grave in Maribor. One day after the symposium the tour is taken place.
From October 21 and 22 international meeting of Coloss is also taken place in Lukovica. International meeting of COLOSS provide an update on the network’s achievement and future directions, including meetings for COLOSS Core Projects, Task Forces, and sessions on small hive beetle and beekeeping.
Please see the attachments with all of the needed information. You can also visit our stand “http://www.czs.si/” on Apimondia in Daejeon in Korea, where you can speak with Nataša Lilek and Andreja Kandolf.
You are very welcome to come.
The date for abstract submission is extended until 20th of September 2015.
ORGANIZER CONTACTS
Nataša Lilek
Andreja Kandolf B.
Slovenian Beekeeping Association
Tel: +386 1 729 6129
E-mail: natasa.lilek@czs.si
Slovenian Beekeeping Association
Tel: +386 1 729 6133
E-mail: andreja.kandolf@czs.si
Wednesday, September 02, 2015
Bee Venom Component Stimulates Death of Gastric Cancer Cells
First report on the isolation of melittin from Iranian honey bee venom and evaluation of its toxicity on gastric cancer AGS cells
J Chin Med Assoc. 2015 Aug 24. pii: S1726-4901(15)00154-9
BACKGROUND:
It has been previously reported that melittin, the main ingredient of honey bee venom, has anticancer properties. However, there appears to be no earlier study focusing on the isolation of melittin from Iranian honey bee venom (Apis mellifera meda), and evaluation of its effect on cancerous cells.
METHODS:
We isolated melittin using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, and its potential toxicity on gastric cancer AGS cells was determined with an MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. Furthermore, to ascertain whether melittin induces apoptosis or necrosis in these cells, morphological evaluation, DNA fragmentation assay, propidium podide and annexin-V-FITC dual staining, and flow cytometric analysis were also conducted.
RESULTS:
The results of our study suggested that melittin inhibited the proliferation of AGS cells in a dose and time-dependent trend. All of the above four distinct assays indicated that melittin induces necrosis in AGS cells at concentrations of ≥ 1 μg/mL.
CONCLUSION:
The present study indicated that melittin has an anticancer effect on gastric cancer AGS cells and stimulates necrotic cell death in these cells.
Tuesday, September 01, 2015
Floral Source, Honeybee Species and Postcollection Processing) Influence on Honey Antibacterial Activity Studied
Biomedical Activity and Related Volatile Compounds of Thai Honeys from 3 Different Honeybee Species
J Food Sci. 2015 Aug 28
This study investigated the effect of 3 factors (floral source, honeybee species, and postcollection processing) that influence the antibacterial activity, free radical reduction, and other biochemical compositions of different honey types typical of Thailand.
Honey samples from 3 honeybee species (Apis mellifera, Apis cerana, and Apis dorsata) were obtained from 9 floral sources (longan, wild flower, lychee, coffee, sunflower, sesame, bitter bush, para-rubber, and manuka as a control) in different regions of Thailand. These samples were evaluated for both their total and nonperoxide antibacterial activity against 10 human pathogens by agar incorporation technique.
Honey samples were further analyzed to evaluate the capacity for free radical-scavenging activity, total phenolic content, and the total flavonoid contents by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, Folin-Ciocalteu method, and aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, respectively. Furthermore, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of Thai honey samples were investigated by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.
Findings of this study suggest a strong correlation between floral origin and honeybee species on one hand, and differences in %Brix, total acidity, protein content, antimicrobial activities, free radical reduction, phenolic, and flavonoid contents on the other hand.
Moreover, VOCs of wild and coffee honey types were remarkably different, depending on the floral source. Both honeys contained characteristics of VOCs, some of which are involved in antibacterial and antioxidant activities.
J Food Sci. 2015 Aug 28
This study investigated the effect of 3 factors (floral source, honeybee species, and postcollection processing) that influence the antibacterial activity, free radical reduction, and other biochemical compositions of different honey types typical of Thailand.
Honey samples from 3 honeybee species (Apis mellifera, Apis cerana, and Apis dorsata) were obtained from 9 floral sources (longan, wild flower, lychee, coffee, sunflower, sesame, bitter bush, para-rubber, and manuka as a control) in different regions of Thailand. These samples were evaluated for both their total and nonperoxide antibacterial activity against 10 human pathogens by agar incorporation technique.
Honey samples were further analyzed to evaluate the capacity for free radical-scavenging activity, total phenolic content, and the total flavonoid contents by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, Folin-Ciocalteu method, and aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, respectively. Furthermore, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of Thai honey samples were investigated by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.
Findings of this study suggest a strong correlation between floral origin and honeybee species on one hand, and differences in %Brix, total acidity, protein content, antimicrobial activities, free radical reduction, phenolic, and flavonoid contents on the other hand.
Moreover, VOCs of wild and coffee honey types were remarkably different, depending on the floral source. Both honeys contained characteristics of VOCs, some of which are involved in antibacterial and antioxidant activities.