Royal Jelly Component Not Found in Other Natural Products

Identification of AMP N(1)-Oxide in Royal Jelly as a Component Neurotrophic Toward Cultured Rat Pheochromocytoma PC12 Cells
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 2006 Apr;70(4):897-906

An extract of royal jelly (RJ) induced processes from cultured rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Active components were isolated, and identified as adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and AMP N(1)-oxide. AMP N(1)-oxide was more than 20 times as active as AMP, judging from the minimal concentration to elicit activity. AMP N(1)-oxide was thought to be responsible for about half of the process-forming activity of whole RJ…

Pharmacological experiments suggested that AMP N(1)-oxide actions are mediated by adenyl cyclase-coupled adenosine receptors, including A(2 A). Thus AMP N(1)-oxide is a key molecule that characterizes RJ, and is not found in natural products other than RJ.