Oct. 22-25, 2012
Zhenjiang, China
Year-Round Production of Royal Jelly from Apis mellifera linnaeus
in Indian Punjab
Pardeep K. Chhuneja, Arshdeep Kaur Gill
(Apiculture Unit, Department Of Entomology Punjab
Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India)
Apart from honey production and pollination services, bees
also provide other highly valuable hive products like royal jelly, pollen,
propolis, bee venom and beeswax. According to an estimate, a well-conceived diversification
plan would pay a profit of at least INR 7,000 per colony in India (Makkar et
al., 2010). Among the various hive products, royal jelly has attracted man’s
attention due to a number of reasons.
Royal jelly is a mixture of secretion from hypopharyngeal
glands (watery secretion) and mandibular glands (milky secretion) of nurse bees
mixed in a ratio of 1:1, which is fed by nurse bees to larvae destined to be
queen bees and lifelong to adult queen bee. It is rich source of organic fatty
acids, minerals, vitamins and amino acids (Krell, 1996).
The investigations on the standardizing technology for the
year-round production of royal jelly from Apis
mellifera Linnaeus colonies were conducted at the campus
apiary of the Punjab Agricultural University at Ludhiana (Punjab, India). The
trials were conducted throughout the year through all the five seasons,
including spring and autumn (breeding seasons), and summer, monsoon and winter
(non-breeding seasons). During every season, there were in all, six factors for
evaluation, split-up into three each in a set of two experiments. The first
experiment during every season included bee strength (10, 15 and 20
bee-frames)/ crowdiness (10, 15 and 20 bee-frames on 8, 12 and 16 combs,
respectively), queenliness of the cell builder colony (queenless and
queen-right) and priming status of queen cell cups (priming and no priming), as
three sets of treatments.
The three best levels, one each pertaining to every
treatment, were used as a base in the second experiment, which also included
three other treatments, viz. number of grafts (90, 120, 150 and 180), material of
queen cell cups (beeswax and plastic) and different feed material/ diets (five
including control). The four test diets included PAU pollen substitute, pollen supplement,
vitamin supplemented pollen substitute and sugar syrup. After completion of the
second experiment, the data were analyzed and the best level for each of the
three treatments, for the given best levels of the previous three treatments,
were determined.
The data revealed that during spring, summer and monsoon
seasons, 20/20 bee-frame strength queen-right cell builder colonies fed vitamin
B6 supplemented pollen substitute and which were provided 90 larvae in primed
plastic cell cups resulted in the maximum mean royal jelly production of 11.69,
5.69 and 3.90 g, respectively, per 72 h cycle per colony. During winter, 20
bee-frame strength queen-right cell builder colonies under crowded conditions
i.e. 20 bee-frames on 16 combs fed vitamin B6 supplemented pollen substitute provided
with 90 larval grafts in primed PVC cell cups resulted in mean maximum royal
jelly production of 6.08 g per 72 h cycle per colony. During autumn, however,
10 bee-frame strength queen-right cell builder colonies fed on vitamin B6
supplemented pollen substitute, in which 90 larval grafts were grafted in
primed PVC cell cups, resulted in the maximum mean royal jelly production of
6.73 g per cycle per colony. In Punjab conditions, based on the best combination
of the various test levels of every test variable, the annual royal jelly
production potential came out to be 823.80 g per colony.
_______________________________________
Corresponding author, E-mail: bruneau@cari.be
印度旁遮普邦西方蜜蜂蜂王浆周年生产模式
Pardeep K. Chhuneja, Arshdeep Kaur Gill（印度）
(Apiculture Unit, Department Of Entomology Punjab
Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India)
除了生产蜂蜜和用于授粉，蜜蜂还可以提供很多高价值的蜂产品，比如蜂王浆、蜂花粉、蜂胶、蜂毒 和蜂蜡等。据估计，在印度，一个好的多元化方案可带来每个蜂群至少7000印度卢比的收益。在众多蜂产 品中，一系列原因导致蜂王浆引人注目。蜂王浆是一种由哺育蜂咽下腺（分泌水性分泌物）和上颚腺（分泌乳状分泌物）分泌的以1：1比例混合的分泌物，用于饲喂发育成蜂王的幼虫和成年蜂王。蜂王浆富含有机脂肪酸、矿物质、维生素和氨基酸。
在位于卢迪亚纳的旁遮普农业大学校园蜂场内，开展了一项关于西方蜜蜂全年标准化王浆生产技术的研究。试验经过了全年的五个季节，包括春季和秋季（繁殖季节）、夏季、雨季和冬季（非繁殖季节）。在每个季节，总共有六个因素被用于评估，这六个因素被分成两组分别用于两个阶段的试验。第一阶段实验将蜂群的群势（10、15、20 脾蜂）/密集度（10、15、20 脾蜂分别配备8、12、16 张脾），哺育蜂群蜂王的有无（无王和有王）和王台基是否涂底料（有涂底料或未涂底料）作为三组处理。对应每个处理的三个最好的方法将被用作第二阶段实验的基础。第二阶段试验另有三种不同处理，分别是移虫数（90、120、150和180），王台基的材料（蜂蜡和塑料）和不同的食物（包括对照组共为5 种）。四种用于实验的食物包括旁遮普农业大学花粉代用品、花粉补充物、添加维生素的花粉替代品和糖浆。在第二阶段试验完成后，经过数据分析，在第一阶段试验得出的最佳方法的基础上选出了对应这三个处理的最佳方法。结果显示，在春
季、夏季和雨季，给群势为20 框蜂脾相称的有王群，饲喂添加维生素B6 的花粉替代品，向王浆涂抹的塑料王台移虫90 只可以得到最高的平均王浆产量，分别是11.69、5.69 和3.90g/72 小时·群。在冬季，群势20框蜂，蜂多于脾的有王蜂群（例如20 框群势16 张巢脾），添加饲喂维生素B6 的花粉替代品，并向王浆涂抹的PVC 王台移入90 只幼虫可以得到最大的王浆产量，平均6.08g/72 小时·群。在秋季，10 框蜂群势的有王蜂群，饲喂添加维生素B6 的花粉替代品，向王浆涂抹的PVC 王台移入90 只幼虫，最高均产达6.73g/72小时·群。在旁遮普邦，基于各指标的最佳组合，蜂王浆年产量可达到823.80g 每群。关键词：西方蜜蜂；花粉替代物；无王群；有王群；蜂王浆
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