Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013;2013:928280
Indian stingless bee propolis has a complex chemical nature
and is reported to possess various medicinal properties. In the present study,
anticancer activity of the ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) was explored by
testing the cytotoxic and apoptotic effect in four different cancer cell lines,
namely, MCF-7 (human breast cancer), HT-29 (human colon adenocarcinoma), Caco-2
(human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma), and B16F1 (murine melanoma), at
different concentrations.
Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay and Trypan blue dye
exclusion assay. EEP at a concentration of 250 μg/mL exhibited ≥50% mortality
in all cell lines tested (i.e., IC50 value). EEP revealed a concentration and
time dependent cytotoxic effect. Apoptosis was estimated by differential
staining (ethidium bromide/acridine orange) and TUNEL (deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dUTP
nick end labeling) assay. Light microscopy and atomic force microscopy
demonstrated morphological features of apoptosis in all the cell lines after
treatment with 250 μg/mL EEP for 24 h.
Thus, early onset of apoptosis is the reason for anticancer
activity of Indian stingless bee propolis. Further, the antioxidant potential
of Indian stingless bee propolis was demonstrated to substantiate its
anticancer activity.
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