Poly d,l-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA)
nanoparticle-encapsulated honeybee (Apis melifera) venom promotes clearance of
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection in experimentally challenged
pigs through the up-regulation of T helper type 1 specific immune responses
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2014 Aug 22. pii:
S0165-2427(14)00183-4
Honeybee (Apis melifera) venom (HBV), which includes
melittin and lipid-soluble ingredients (chrysin and pinocembrin), elicited
increases in the CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio, relative mRNA expression levels
of the T helper type 1 (Th 1) cytokines (interferon-γ and IL-12) and reinforced
viral clearance of an experimental porcine reproductive and respiratory
syndrome (PRRS) virus infection in our previous study. On the basis of that
previous study, we have now developed poly-d,l-lactide-co-glycolide
(PLGA)-encapsulated HBV nanoparticles (P-HBV) for longer sustained release of
HBV.
We administered P-HBV to pigs via the rectal route, and then evaluated the
potential immune-enhancing and bacterial clearance effects of P-HBV against
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte ratio,
proliferative capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes and relative mRNA
expression levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 (produced mainly by Th1 lymphocytes) were
significantly increased in the P-HBV group up to 2 weeks post-administration of
P-HBV. After S. Typhimurium infection, the P-HBV group showed a marked reduction
in microbial burden in feces and all tissue samples (including the ileum,
cecum, colon, and mesenteric lymph node (MLN)), a significant increase in Th 1
cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12) and a marked decrease in a Th 2 cytokine
(IL-4) in all tissue samples and peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Thus, P-HBV may
be a promising strategy for immune enhancement and prevention of S. Typhimurium
or other bacterial infections.
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