European Propolis Highly Effective Against Protozoal Pathogens (Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma congolense, Leishmania mexicana, Crithidia fasciculata, Sleeping Sickness, Nagana, Leishmaniasis)

European propolis is highly active against trypanosomatids including Crithidia fasciculata

Sci Rep. 2019 Aug 6;9(1):11364

BUY Concentrated Propolis in Veggie Capsules  

BUY 3-Piece (2 Fountain Pens, Rollerball) Gift Set

Extracts of 35 samples of European propolis were tested against wild type and resistant strains of the protozoal pathogens Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma congolense and Leishmania mexicana. The extracts were also tested against Crithidia fasciculata a close relative of Crithidia mellificae, a parasite of bees. Crithidia, Trypanosoma and Leishmania are all members of the order Kinetoplastida.

High levels of activity were obtained for all the samples with the levels of activity varying across the sample set. The highest levels of activity were found against L. mexicana. The propolis samples were profiled by using liquid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and principal components analysis (PCA) of the data obtained indicated there was a wide variation in the composition of the propolis samples.

Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) associated a butyrate ester of pinobanksin with high activity against T. brucei whereas in the case of T. congolense high activity was associated with methyl ethers of chrysin and pinobanksin. In the case of C. fasciculata highest activity was associated with methyl ethers of galangin and pinobanksin.

OPLS modelling of the activities against L. mexicana using the mass spectrometry produced a less successful model suggesting a wider range of active components.