J Econ Entomol, 2013 Oct;106(5):1958-63
The content of 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), a
marker compound in royal jelly (RJ), is the most important criterion in grading
RJ for commercial trade and varies with its origin. To identify the effect of
geographical origin on 10-HDA content in RJ, 138 samples were collected from 19
provinces of China (divided into three groups) produced by either Apis
mellifera ligustica Spinola, 1806 or a hybrid of A. m. ligustica and Apis
mellifera carnica Pollman, 1879 and analyzed for moisture, sugar, crude
protein, ash, acid, and 10-HDA concentration.
The results show that RJ from western China has a
significantly higher 10-HDA level (2.01 +/- 0.05%) than those from northeastern
(1.87 +/- 0.05%) and eastern (1.75 +/- 0.03%) China. RJ secreted by hybrid bees
contained more 10-HDA (1.89 +/- 0.03%) than that secreted by A. m. ligustica
(1.78 +/- 0.03%). The 10-HDA content of RJ produced during flowering of rape
(Brassica campestris L.), lime (Tilia amurensis Ruprecht), and vitex (Vitex
negundo L. variety heterophylla (Franch.) Rehder) was 1.92, 1.80, and 1.68%,
respectively.
The results would be helpful during the process of price
determination of RJ by providing some basis of geographical, bee strain, and
botanical information for commercial trade.
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