Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester, a Component of Beehive Propolis, is a Novel Selective Estrogen Receptor ModulatorPhytotherapy Research, Early View (Articles online in advance of print)
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an active ingredient of beehive propolis with a structure similar to phenolic acid. The estrogenic effects of propolis were previously demonstrated through the activation of an estrogen receptor. To identify the estrogenic properties of propolis, CAPE was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo methods.
CAPE showed selective binding affinity to human estrogen receptor (hER) rather than hER. CAPE also reduced ER expression in MCF-7 and MDA 231 cells. In the yeast estrogen receptor transcription assay, CAPE produced the transcriptional activity of estrogen-responsive element with EC50 values of 3.72 × 10-6 M. CAPE did not increase the growth of MCF-7 estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells in doses ranging from 10-7 to 10-5 M.
In order to understand how CAPE acts in animals, CAPE was tested by a uterotrophic bioassay. Treatment with CAPE (100, 500 mg/kg) did not increase the uterine weight relative to 3 g/kg 17-estradiol treatment.
The results indicate that CAPE, which is a selective agonist to hER, but does not show any estrogenic effect on estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells and in immature rat uterine tissue, is a potential selective estrogen receptor modulator.
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