Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Gels with Propolis (EPP-AF) in
Preclinical Treatment of Candidiasis Vulvovaginal Infection
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013;2013:641480
Vulvovaginal candidiasis is the second cause of vaginal
infection in the USA. Clinical treatment of C. albicans infections is routinely
performed with polyenes and azole derivatives. However, these drugs are
responsible for undesirable side effects and toxicity. In addition, C. albicans
azole and echinocandin resistance has been described.
Propolis is a bee product traditionally used due to its
antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and other properties. Therefore, the present
work aimed to evaluate different propolis presentations in order to evaluate
their in vitro and in vivo efficacy.
The methodologies involved antifungal evaluation, chemical
analysis, and the effects of the rheological and mucoadhesive properties of
propolis based gels. The obtained results demonstrated the fungicide action of
propolis extracts against all three morphotypes (yeast, pseudohyphae, and
hyphae) studied. The highest level of fungal cytotoxicity was reached at 6-8
hours of propolis cell incubation. Among the based gel formulations developed,
the rheological and mucoadhesive results suggest that propolis based carbopol
(CP1%) and chitosan gels were the most pseudoplastic ones. CP1% was the most
mucoadhesive preparation, and all of them presented low thixotropy.
Results of in vivo efficacy demonstrated that propolis based
gels present antifungal action similar to clotrimazole cream, suggesting that
future clinical studies should be performed.
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