PLoS One, 2013 Oct 3;8(10):e74499
In southern South America and other parts of the world,
aquaculture is an activity that complements agriculture. Small amounts of
agrichemicals can reach aquaculture ponds, which results in numerous problems
caused by oxidative stress in non-target organisms. Substances that can prevent
or reverse agrichemical-induced oxidative damage may be used to combat these
effects. This study includes four experiments.
In each experiment, 96 mixed-sex, 6-month-old Rhamdia quelen
(118±15 g) were distributed into eight experimental groups: a control group
that was not exposed to contaminated water, three groups that were exposed to
various concentrations of bee products, three groups that were exposed to
various concentrations of bee products plus tebuconazole (TEB; Folicur 200 CE™)
and a group that was exposed to 0.88 mg L-1 of TEB alone (corresponding to
16.6% of the 96-h LC50).
We show that waterborne bee products, including royal jelly
(RJ), honey (H), bee pollen (BP) and propolis (P), reversed the oxidative
damage caused by exposure to TEB. These effects were likely caused by the high
polyphenol contents of these bee-derived compounds. The most likely mechanism
of action for the protective effects of bee products against tissue oxidation
and the resultant damage is that the enzymatic activities of superoxide
dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) are
increased.
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