Honey-induced macrophage stimulation: AP-1 and NF-κB
activation and cytokine production are unrelated to LPS content of honey
Int Immunopharmacol, 2013 Oct 11. pii: S1567-5769(13)00359-7
Honey is well known for its wound healing properties
although the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying honey-stimulated
healing process are still poorly understood. The present study was intended to
characterize the stimulation of Raw 264.7 murine macrophages in response to
thyme honey.
Honey induces significant increase in PGE2 production, and
overexpression of both COX-2 and TNF-α (p < 0.001). This increase was
concomitant with overexpression and activation of the AP-1 and NF-κB
transcription factor subunits. The small LPS content of honey could not, by
itself, account for the reported observations.
These results suggest that other thyme honey components
participate in the stimulation of cytokine production required for effective
wound healing process.
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