Phloroglucinols from Anti-Microbial Deposit-Resins of
Australian Stingless Bees (Tetragonula carbonaria)
Early View (Online Version of Record published before
inclusion in an issue)
Stingless bees accumulate deposits of plant resins that are
mixed with beeswax to produce propolis. Previous studies have reported
anti-microbial constituents of stingless bee (Tetragonula carbonaria) propolis
from East Australia, but several components remained to be characterized. In
the search of natural products yet unreported for Australian propolis, four bee
deposit-resins of T. carbonaria bees were analysed by gas and liquid
chromatography mass spectrometry with accurate mass measurements. Ethanolic
extracts of the deposit-resins were tested in vitro against Staphylococcus
aureus ATCC 25983 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 by the agar diffusion
method. Phloroglucinols, flavonoids and isoprenoids were identified in samples.
The crude extracts showed strong anti-staphylococcal effects but were less
active against the Gram-negative bacterium. The diagnostic data enabled the
identification of markers that can be used for profiling other Australian
propolis sources and to target the isolation of bioactive phloroglucinols in future
studies against antibiotic resistant S. aureus strains.
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